Multiband compression can be a powerful tool for shaping the sound of your mixes. It can also feel intimidating if you’re unfamiliar with how to use it. Unlike standard compression, which affects all frequencies equally, multiband compression splits the audio signal.
This split targets separate frequency bands and allows you to apply compression to each band independently. This surgical approach gives you precise control over the dynamics of your audio. In this guide, we’re going to explore all there is to know about how to use multiband compression so you can start using it in your music production like a champ!
Table of Contents:
Understanding Multiband Compression
At its core, a multiband compressor is like having multiple compressors in one. Each compressor is dedicated to a specific frequency range. These ranges, or bands, are defined by crossover points. The crossover points dictate where one band ends and another begins. Think of it like a graphic equalizer. However, instead of adjusting the volume of each band, you’re controlling its dynamic range. Dynamic range is simply the difference between the loudest and quietest parts.
The number of bands in a multiband compressor can vary. Common configurations include two, three, and four bands. For example, a two-band compressor might have a crossover point around 120Hz, separating the low-end frequencies from the mids and highs. You could then compress the bass frequencies more aggressively. This tightens up the low-end without squashing the life out of the higher frequencies. Compression settings will vary based on the input signal and how much gain reduction is needed. The key is to use your ears to dial in the proper compression ratio and attack and release times.
When to Use Multiband Compression
Multiband compression offers precise control over dynamics, making it incredibly versatile throughout the mixing and mastering process. Here are some common situations where it really shines:
- Taming Booming Bass Frequencies: When working with a bass-heavy track, multiband compression can help you control the low end without sacrificing punch. Apply heavier compression to the lower frequencies to even out the dynamics and create a tighter, more focused sound. This will clean up the low-frequency band of the audio spectrum. You can really hear how effective multiband processing is on instruments such as a kick drum or bass guitar. If the kick hits are too boomy, you can use a multiband compressor to tame them without affecting the rest of the kit.
- Smoothing Out Harsh Frequencies: Certain instruments, like acoustic guitars or cymbals, can sometimes have overly prominent high-frequency transients that sound harsh and unpleasant. Using multiband compression, you can target these frequencies specifically. You will be able to reduce their impact without affecting the rest of the instrument’s timbre. The result is a smoother, more balanced sound that sits well in the mix. The high band will often need its dynamics controlled on these types of instruments. The high-frequency band can be tricky to control sometimes. Too much compression can suck the life out of the track sound, so starting with a low compression ratio and slowly increasing it is important.
- Enhancing Vocal Presence: Vocals often benefit from a little compression to help them sit better in the mix. However, applying too much standard compression can make them sound squashed and unnatural. Multiband compression allows you to target the frequency range where vocals typically reside (around 1-3kHz). You can add subtle presence and clarity without affecting the lows and highs. Vocals often have issues with sibilance, and a multiband compressor can act as a de-esser to control sibilance.
- Creating a Cohesive Master: Multiband compression is a popular choice for mastering engineers as it can glue together all the elements of a mix. This creates a sense of balance and power. For example, you can use it to control the low-end without over-compressing the entire mix, or tame a harsh high-end that’s poking out. Many mastering-grade multiband compressors even offer features like linear phase mode to preserve the phase relationships in the audio, ensuring a transparent and impactful master.
Choosing the Right Multiband Compressor
With so many multiband compressor plugins available, it can be tough to know where to begin. Some popular and highly regarded options include:
- FabFilter Pro MB
- Izotope Ozone 9 Dynamics
- Waves C6
- McDSP MC200
- Blue Cat Audio MB-5
Many DAWs also come with stock multiband compressors that can get the job done. It’s worth experimenting with a few different ones to see which sounds and feels best to you.
For me personally, when I am looking for precise dynamic control, I always turn to Waves C4 Multiband Compressor Plugin. It gives me everything I need to accurately focus my compression. Ableton Live users can also use the built-in multiband compressor that comes standard in the DAW. It is very powerful and will allow you to accomplish pretty much anything you need.
Tips for Using Multiband Compression
Using multiband compression is a skill that takes time and practice to develop. Don’t expect to be an expert overnight. Start experimenting, listen carefully to the results, and learn from your mistakes. Here are a few tips for multiband compression mixing:
- Start with Small Adjustments: Like with any type of compression, it’s best to err on the side of subtlety. Make small adjustments to the threshold and ratio of each band and listen carefully for how they affect the overall sound. This will help to avoid over-compressing the signal, which can lead to an unnatural and lifeless sound.
- Use Your Ears: While meters and visualizers can be helpful, trust your ears above all else. What matters most is how the compression sounds, not what the meters tell you. Use a metering plugin to help visually see what your ears are hearing.
- Pay Attention to Phase Issues: Because multiband compression splits the audio signal and processes each band separately, it can sometimes introduce phase problems that can muddy up the sound. Some multiband compressors have built-in phase correction features, while others require you to monitor the phase relationship between the bands manually. If you notice any phasing issues, try adjusting the crossover points or using a different multiband compressor plugin.
- Experiment with Different Settings: Multiband compression offers a wide range of possibilities. Don’t be afraid to experiment with different settings and techniques to see what sounds best for your music. Every source material is different, and what works well on one track may not work as well on another. So get creative and experiment. Sidechain compression can be used in conjunction with multiband compression to create some unique effects, such as ducking the bass frequencies of a track when the kick drum hits.
FAQs about how to use multiband compression
How do I set the crossover frequencies in a multiband compressor?
Setting the crossover frequencies involves some analysis of your audio. Identify where distinct frequency ranges in your mix require individual attention. If you want to treat a boomy bass separately, set the crossover above the bass frequencies but below most other instruments. For a vocal-focused band, straddle the typical vocal frequency range (around 1kHz to 3kHz). Listening while adjusting and soloing bands in your multiband compressor will guide your decisions.
What are good starting points for the attack and release times?
It varies depending on the source material and your goals. For transparently catching peaks, a fast attack (under 5ms) and a moderate release (50-100ms) can work well. To even out the dynamics of a bassline, you might opt for a slower attack (30-50ms) and a release time that complements the track’s tempo. You will start to develop a feel for the appropriate attack and release settings with experience.
Is multiband compression suitable for every instrument?
While versatile, multiband compression may not be necessary for every instrument. Simple sources with a narrow frequency range might benefit more from standard compression. Multiband compression shines with complex signals like full mixes, instrument buses, or individual tracks with problematic frequency ranges. For example, a full mix would benefit from being run through a multiband compressor in a mastering context, whereas using one on an instrument like an upright bass in the mixing stage might not be as useful.
What are the drawbacks of using multiband compression?
Multiband compression can be CPU-intensive, especially when using plugins with many bands or advanced features. Also, excessive use can lead to an unnatural, overly processed sound if not applied carefully. As with all processing, moderation and a discerning ear are key. Knowing when to use multiband compression is just as important as knowing how to use it. Over-compressing a signal can ruin its dynamics, so knowing when enough is enough is important.
Conclusion
Mastering multiband compression is key to achieving clearer, more balanced mixes. By controlling specific frequency ranges independently, you can enhance each element of your mix without losing overall cohesion. To further sharpen your skills and explore advanced mixing techniques, join Mix Elite Academy.
With access to over 500+ in-depth lessons, premium courses, top-tier sample and preset packs, and student discounts of up to 50% on thousands of plugins, you’ll have all the tools you need to elevate your mixes. Plus, you’ll join a community of passionate music producers and mix engineers.